Timing is everything: Chronobiologie der Vögel
Timing is everything: Chronobiology of birds
I’m fascinated by the internal clocks and calendars that are continuously ticking inside our bodies, as well as in those
of pretty much all other organisms. My favourite model organisms for studying this topic are birds.
To truly understand the importance of internal clocks and their ubiquitous occurence among organisms, one first has to
become aware of the extent to which our environment is affected by geophysical cycles, such as the rotation of earth or
the solar year. A meadow for example is a different environment in the morning, at midday or at night, and in summer
compared to winter. In most habitats, important environmental factors such as light, temperature, and food availability
fluctuate considerably over the course of a day and throughout the year. Like all organisms, birds are adapting to these
cycles by changing their behaviour, physiology and morphology. But often such changes are not merely direct responses to
changing environmental factors. If organisms are experimentally deprived of all temporal information, they nonetheless
anticipate expected environmental cycles and continue to show rhythmic changes in many processes. This indicates that they
have internalized “time” by endogenous, biological clocks on a circadian and often also circannual time-scale.
Research has shown that high proportions of genes are expressed in rhythmical patterns. Biological clocks are inherited
programs but rather than being rigid time-pieces, they function in interaction with environmental factors. For instance,
information on light conditions is crucial for setting the internal clock. While classical laboratory model species are
most efficient for examining physiological and genetic mechanisms, birds are excellent study organisms for investigating
the adaptive value of clocks and the balance between environment and programmed temporal behaviour. Species differ greatly
in schedules of optimal timing. Therefore, circadian and circannual rhythms are fine-tuned to the specific life styles and
environmental conditions to which a population is exposed. In view of progressively faster environmental change,
“time management” is not an easy task for birds.
My enthusiastic interest in chronobiology and ornithology is based on very early research experiences as a high school
student during internships at the Max Planck Institute for Behavioural Physiology. This gave me the opportunity to
appreciate the beauty and intensity of scientific discussion, both inside the research group and in thought exchange with
visiting researchers from around the world. Such early exposure and fascination with a scientific theme, as well as close
contact to researchers at the Max Planck Institute, became of crucial importance when I found myself becoming a young
mother during the course of my university education. The passion for science and the support by colleagues has helped me
to continue steadily on my track towards a research career, rather than get discouraged by difficult times, for instance
when it was impossible to find adequate childcare or when I was preparing to take my exams while having to look after
three toddlers. The mutual trust that had been built during repeated internships provided the basis for sometimes
unconventional, but highly successful solutions to the challenge of balancing family life and research. I’m particularly
grateful to my “Doktorvater”, the former Director of our institute, Eberhard Gwinner, for his outstanding openness in
support of a “non-linear” scientific career. Soon after my dissertation, the tragic death of Eberhard Gwinner and the
subsequent closing of his department were massive challenges. During the subsequent, difficult times, “surviving” in the
research world was considerably facilitated by the Otto Hahn medal which I had received for my Ph.D. work.
At present, I’m fellow in the Margarethe-von-Wrangell program: I work as researcher and lecturer at Konstanz University
and the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Radolfzell and am in the process of finalizing my “Habilitation”.
Fascination with my research field, exciting developments of new methods and an intriguing interdisciplinary discourse
about “time” and its relevance for our lives continue to be a well of fresh enthusiasm and help me pursue a scientific
track despite all obstacles.